BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 2,340, April 8, 2025
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: On March 30, 2025, Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis met with President Isaac Herzog and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem. Fifteen years after the historic visit to the Israeli capital by then-premier George Papandreou, which paved the way for the ongoing Greek-Israeli friendship, the two countries are continuing to advance their strategic partnership. The necessity for closer ties with the Jewish State has become a critical element of Greek foreign and military policy, and there is political consensus on the value of the relationship. New defense synergies that will likely complement older agreements are currently on the agenda.
The March 2025 visit of Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to Israel demonstrates the interest of both countries in further elevating their strategic partnership. Mitsotakis last visited the Jewish State toward the end of October 2023, two weeks after Hamas’s massive terrorist attack on Israel. On his more recent visit, Mitsotakis reiterated the urgency of releasing the hostages. Greece continues to regularly make symbolic gestures of solidarity and sympathy with Israel. On March 25, for instance, Greece’s Embassy in Israel chose the dining room of Kibbutz Be’eri to celebrate the country’s national day.
Both President Isaac Herzog and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu welcomed the Greek leader, calling him a “good friend”. Although Greece’s attitude after October 7 has been rather balanced, the country has not wavered in its recognition of Israel’s right to self-defense and understands both Israel’s complex security environment and the pain caused by terror. In an emotional moment, Herzog and Mitsotakis discussed plans to launch an academic scholarship program in memory of Ionas Karussis, a young architecture student who was murdered by terrorists in October 2024 in Jaffa. His parents were invited to the meeting by the Israeli president.
The visit of the Greek PM to Israel was the culmination of a broader diplomatic initiative. In early February, Greek Foreign Minister George Gerapetris went to Jerusalem, and a few weeks later, his Israeli counterpart Gideon Sa’ar flew to Athens. Defense cooperation was very much on the agenda. Mitsotakis’s visit included a strategic meeting with the Directorate for International Defense Cooperation (SIBAT) of Israel’s Ministry of Defense that was attended by key executives from Israel’s defense industry. They included Boaz Levy from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), Yoav Turgeman from Rafael, and Miki Edelstein from Elbit Systems.
All three of these companies – IAI, Rafael and Elbit Systems – have been active in Greece. IAI acquired Greek company Intracom Defense for a reported figure of approximately €60 million. Rafael supplied SPIKE Missiles to Greece, an agreement valued at approximately €370 million. Elbit Systems is the primary contractor managing technical operations and refining the training infrastructure of a modern Greek air force base in Kalamata, Peloponnese. The deal is worth a reported $1.65 billion.
New arm deals are possible. The Greek government’s objectives include the development of an anti-aircraft and missile defense system for Greece that is similar to Iron Dome and the acquisition of PULS rocket launchers by Elbit Systems. While discussions progress, the two countries are engaging in joint military training. Although Israel is still fighting wars on multiple fronts, it is participating (through mid-April) with G-550 aircraft in the multinational air exercise Iniochos hosted at the Andravida airbase in Western Greece.
There are other areas where Israeli experience might be useful for Greece. In 2016, Shimon Peres proposed to then-premier Alexis Tsipras that the obligatory military service of Greek men be used to support national research. The proposal has not yet materialized. Further to this, the Greek army can study how the IDF has incorporated soldiers with autism within Unit 9990 and perhaps employ a similar methodology in the future.
In strategic parlance, Greece and Israel lack an identical perception of threats. Greek strategy naturally prioritizes Turkey. Israel is not ignoring the Turkish factor but has more urgent issues to address, including terrorist organizations and Iran.
While the formation of a Greek-Israeli military alliance per se seems unlikely, deeper cooperation is in the interests of both. Such cooperation is also an American interest. The Trump administration is currently engaged in other diplomatic and military initiatives but is expected at some point to look favorably on the 3+1 mechanism (with the participation of the Republic of Cyprus).
Good relations with Israel have become crucial to the design of Greek foreign and military policy. All the mainstream parties in Greece, irrespective of their political ideology, agree on the necessity of further improving bilateral ties. A 2024 survey conducted by the European Leadership Network showed that the majority of parliamentarians in Greece (and in the Republic of Cyprus) favored not only closer relations with Israel but also a deepening cooperation between Israel and NATO.
Fifteen years have passed since the historic visit of then Greek premier George Papandreou to Jerusalem. His meeting with Benjamin Netanyahu was a gamechanger for Eastern Mediterranean affairs. The practical results of the synergies between the countries overcame decades of stereotypes and mistrust. Premier Mitsotakis is reinforcing this trend, and his recent visit to Israel was a reflection of his determination in this regard.
Dr. George N. Tzogopoulos is a BESA contributor, a lecturer at the European Institute of Nice (CIFE) and at the Democritus University of Thrace, and a Senior Fellow at the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy.
08/04/2025 by BESA CENTER
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